have children use crayons for drawing and pencils for writing, encourage children to use scribble writing or random letters
if they cannot do more conventional writing, teach handwriting skills, use interactive writing for whole-group and small-group
writing projects, have children write their names on sign-in sheets each day, write morning messages, have children write
thier own names and names of classmates/siblings, have children inventory words they know how to write, have children "write
the room" by making lists of familiar words they find in the room, have children use frames such as "I like____" and "I see
a____" to write sentences, encourage children to remember why they write so they can read it
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use environmental print, include literacy materials in play centers, read aloud to children, read big books and poems
on charts using shared reading, introduce the title and author of books before reading, teach directionality and letter and
word concepts using big books, encourage children to make predictions, encourage children to make text-to-self connections,
have children retell and dramatize stories, have children respond to literature through talk and drawing, have children manipulate
sounds using phonemic awareness activities, use alphabet-teaching routines, take children's dictation using the Language Experience
Approach, teach 20-24 high-frequency words, post words on a word wall
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