Reading:

notice environmental print (McDonalds, stop signs), show interest in print, pretend to read, use picture cues and predictable patterns in books to retell the story(rhyming books), reread familiar books with predictable patterns, identify some letter names, recognize 5-20 familiar or high-frequency words (words used often, but difficult to sound out), make text-to-self connections (how do the characters or situation in the book relate to them)

Writing:

distinguish between writing and drawing, write letters and letterlike forms or scribble randomly on the page, develop an understanding of directionality (reading from left to right and from the top of the page to the bottom), show interest in writing, write their first and last names, write 5-20 familiar or high frequency words, use sentence frames to write a sentence (Begin a sentence with " I Love___. and they fill in the blank).

(See Research Based Practices: Scaffolded Writing)